On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence, by Francis Bacon

On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence, by Francis Bacon Father of the logical strategy and the primary significant English writer, Francis Bacon distributed Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human in 1605. This philosophical treatise, expected as a prologue to an all encompassing investigation that was rarely finished, is partitioned into two sections: the initial segment extensively thinks about the excellency of learning and information; the second spotlights on the specific demonstrations and works . . . which have been grasped and attempted for the progression of learning. Section 18 of the second piece of The Advancement of Learning offers a safeguard of talk, whose obligation and office, he says, is to apply motivation to creative mind for the better moving of the will. As indicated by Thomas H. Conley, Bacons thought of talk appears to be novel, however what Bacon needs to state about talk . . . isn't as novel as it has at times been spoken to, anyway fascinating it may be something else (Rhetoric in the European Tradition, 1990). On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence* from The Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon 1 Now we plunge to that part which concerneth the representation of convention, fathomed in that science which we call talk, or craft of expressiveness; a science magnificent, and fantastically very much worked. For in spite of the fact that in evident worth it is second rate compared to astuteness, as it is said by God to Moses, when he crippled himself for need of this personnel, Aaron will be thy speaker, and thou shalt be to him as God; yet with individuals it is the more forceful: for so Salomon saith, Sapiens corde appellabitur prudens, sed dulcis eloquio major a reperiet1; connoting that significance of shrewdness will push a man to a name or appreciation, yet that it is expert articulation that prevaileth in a functioning life. Also, regarding its working, the imitating of Aristotle with the rhetoricians of his time, and the experience of Cicero, hath caused them in their works of talking points to surpass themselves. Once more, the excellency of instances of expert articulat ion in the speeches of Demosthenes and Cicero, added to the flawlessness of the statutes of expressiveness, hath multiplied the movement in this craftsmanship; and along these lines the deficiences which I will note will rather be in certain assortments, which may as handmaids go to the workmanship, than in the standards or utilization of the craftsmanship itself. 2 Notwithstanding, to mix the earth a little about the underlying foundations of this science, as we have done of the rest; the obligation and office of talk is to apply motivation to creative mind for the better moving of the will. For we see reason is upset in the organization thereof by three methods; by illaqueation2 or misconception, which relates to rationale; by creative mind or impression, which relates to talk; and by energy or friendship, which relates to profound quality. Furthermore, as in arrangement with others, men are created by clever, by insistence, and by energy; so in this exchange inside ourselves, men are subverted by inconsequences, requested and begged by impressions or perceptions, and shipped by interests. Nor is the idea of man so sadly worked, as that those forces and expressions ought to have power to upset explanation, and not to build up and advance it. For the finish of rationale is to show a type of contention to make sure about explanation, and not t o capture it. The finish of profound quality is to acquire the expressions of love to obey reason, and not to attack it. The finish of talk is to fill the creative mind to second explanation, and not to persecute it: for these maltreatment of expressions come in however ex obliquo3, for alert. 3 And in this way it was extraordinary treachery in Plato, however springing out of an only contempt to the rhetoricians of his time, to regard of talk yet as a voluptuary craftsmanship, looking like it to cookery, that marred healthy meats, and help unwholesome by assortment of sauces to the delight of the taste. For we see that discourse is considerably more familiar with decorating what is acceptable, than in shading what is malevolent; for there is no man yet speaketh more sincerely than he can do or think: and it was amazingly noted by Thucydides in Cleon, that since he used to hang on the awful side in reasons for domain, in this manner he was ever denouncing against expressiveness and great discourse; realizing that no man can talk reasonable of courses ignoble and base. Furthermore, thusly as Plato said exquisitely, That uprightness, on the off chance that she could be seen, would move extraordinary love and warmth; so observing that she can't be appeared to the sense by corp oral shape, the following degree is to demonstrate her to the creative mind in exuberant portrayal: for to demonstrate her to reason just in nuance of contention was a thing at any point ridiculed in Chrysippus4 and a significant number of the Stoics, who thought to push prudence upon men by sharp questions and ends, which have no compassion for the desire of man. 4 Again, if the expressions of love in themselves were flexible and dutiful to reason, it were valid there ought to be no extraordinary utilization of influences and intimations to the will, more than of exposed suggestion and evidences; yet in respect of the persistent revolts and seditions of the expressions of love, Video meliora, proboque,Deteriora sequor, 5 reason would get hostage and servile, if expert articulation of influences didn't practice and win the creative mind from the expressions of love part, and agreement an alliance between the explanation and creative mind against the expressions of love; for the expressions of love themselves convey ever a craving to great, as reason doth. The thing that matters is, that the fondness beholdeth just the present; reason beholdeth the future and whole of time. Also, thusly the current filling the creative mind more, reason is generally vanquished; yet after that power of expert articulation and influence hath caused things future and remote to show up as present, at that point upon the revolt of the creative mind reason prevaileth. 1 The savvy hearted is called perceiving, however one whose discourse is sweet picks up intelligence (Proverbs 16:21).2 The demonstration of getting or ensnaring in a catch, in this way entangling in an argument.3 indirectly4 Stoic logician in Greece, third century BC5 I see and affirm the better things yet follow the more regrettable (Ovid, Metamorphoses, VII, 20). Finished up on page 2*This content has been taken from the 1605 release of The Advancement of Learning, with spelling modernized by editorial manager William Aldis Wright (Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1873). 5 We finish up in this way that talk can be not any more accused of the shading of the more regrettable part, than rationale with misconception, or ethical quality with bad habit. For we know the teachings of contraries are the equivalent, however the utilization be inverse. It appeareth additionally that rationale differeth from talk, not just as the clench hand from the palm, the one close, the other everywhere; except significantly more in this, that rationale handleth reason definite and in truth, and talk handleth it as it is planted in prominent sentiments and habits. What's more, in this way Aristotle doth carefully place talk as between rationale on the one side, and good or common information on the other, as taking an interest of both: for the evidences and exhibitions of rationale are toward all men aloof and the equivalent; yet the confirmations and influences of talk should vary as per the examiners: Orpheus in sylvis, bury delphinas Arion 1 Which application, in flawlessness of thought, should broaden up until now, that if a man ought to talk about something very similar to a few people, he ought to address them all separately and a few different ways: however this politic piece of expert articulation in private discourse it is simple for the best speakers to need: while, by the watching their all around graced types of discourse, they leese2 the volubility of utilization: and along these lines it will not be not right to prescribe this to better request, not being interested whether we place it here, or in that part which concerneth policy.â 6 Now in this manner will I slip to the deficiences, which (as I said) are nevertheless attendances: and first, I don't discover the knowledge and persistence of Aristotle very much sought after, who started to make an assortment of the well known signs and shades of good and malevolent, both basic and similar, which are as the fallacies of talk (as I contacted previously). For example:â Sophisma.Quod laudatur, bonum: quod vituperatur, malum.Redargutio.Laudat venales qui vult extrudere merces. 3 Malum est, malum est (inquit emptor); sed cum recesserit, tum gloriabitur!4 The imperfections in the work of Aristotle are three: one, that there be nevertheless a couple of many; another, that their elenches5 are not attached; and the third, that he considered however a piece of the utilization of them: for their utilization isn't just in probation, yet significantly more in impression. For some, structures are equivalent in meaning which are varying in impression; as the thing that matters is extraordinary in the puncturing of that which is sharp and that which is level, however the quality of the percussion be the equivalent. For there is no man however will be somewhat more raised by hearing it stated, Your adversaries will be happy of this, Hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atridae, 6 than by hearing it said just, This is insidious for you.â 7 Secondly, I do continue likewise that which I referenced previously, contacting arrangement or preliminary store for the furniture of discourse and status of development, which appeareth to be of two sorts; the one in likeness to a shop of pieces unmade up, the other to a shop of things instant up; both to be applied to that which is visit and most in demand. The previous of these I will call antitheta, and the last formulae.â 8 Antitheta are theories contended star et contra7; wherein men might be all the more enormous and relentless: yet (in, for example, can do it) to evade prolixity of section, I want the seeds of the few contentions to be cast up into some short and intense sentences, not to be refered to, yet to be as skeins or bottoms of string, to be unwinded everywhere when they come to be utilized; providing specialists and models by reference. Expert verbis legis.Non est interpretatio se

Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Considerativism

My perception from the homeroom exhibited that genuine distinctive learning hypotheses we had in this three meeting, for example, behaviorism, cognitivism and considerativism every one of them incorporate qualities and shortcomings. I attempted to clarify my observation through this schools of thoughts.BehaviorismIt centers around two key components upgrade and respons and dismisses mental exercises. Povlov, Watson, Thorndik and Skinner were the renowned therapists who broadly advanced this hypothesis. In old style molding an upgrade introduced so as to get a reaction however in operant molding the reaction is made first then support follows. A perceptible shortcoming that I find in this technique is that it can't clarify the acknowledgment of new dialect designs by kids for which there has been no support instruments for instance in Persian we have â€Å"koshtondam or pazondam†. It dismisses the thought of hereditary qualities, heredity and individual discernment. So as to control the class along these lines instructors must apply positive and negative fortifications to change understudies conduct and dishearten problematic behaviors.CognitivismIn intellectual hypothesis the most significant thing is inner mental procedure of the student during the learning procedure. Against behaviorists that consider learning as a uninvolved action in this hypothesis the job of students is dynamic and looking for importance. J. piaget and L. vegotsky improved this hypothesis. In this strategy educator must make learning condition dynamic and permitting understudies to apply past knowledge.ConstructivismIn this hypothesis learning is basically the way toward modifying our psychological models oblige new encounters in other word all new data connected to earlier information. The students start with a complax issue and exercise to find the fundamental aptitudes required to ta ke care of the issue. The job of educators changes from instructor to facilitators. In this technique scholars attempt to wipe out evaluations and testing. Instructors must give drawing in chances to understudies to comprehend the data by means of hand-on exercises and discussions.Conclusion:There is no single best hypothesis and every hypothesis gas diverse part of educating/learning process.

In Translation June Fiction and Poetry

In Translation June Fiction and Poetry Its summertime here in Murica, so if youre headed to the beach, be sure to bring these fantastic books from Iran, France, Cuba, and Israel with you. Also if youre headed to the pool. Or the park. Or the cafe. Or really anywhere. Enjoy! Proustiennes  edited abridged by Jean Frémon, translated by Brian Evenson (Fence Books, 80 pages, June 21) Here Frémon distills some of Marcel Prousts most beautiful prose into Proustiennes, inviting us to delve (back) into the extraordinary À la recherche du temps perdu and belle époque Paris. Rituals of Restlessness by Yaghoub Yadali, translated by Sara Khalili (Phoneme Media, 192 pages, June 7) Iranian author and essayist Yaghoub Yadali brings us a novel of disillusionment and deceit, in which an engineer seeks to escape from his boring job and disintegrating marriage. And while Rituals won the 2004 Golshiri Foundation Award for the best novel of the year and was named one of the ten best novels of the decade by the Press Critics Award in Iran, Yadali was sentenced to one year in prison for depicting an adulterous affair. The Extra by A. B. Yehoshua, translated by Stuart Schoffman (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 256 pages, June 7) In The Extra we find Noga, a divorcée and harpist living in the Netherlands. Her fathers death brings her back to Jerusalem and a host of memories and relationships she thought that she had left behind for good. Super Extra Grande by Yoss, translated by David Frye (Restless Books, 160 pages, June 7) Ive been a Yoss fan since last year when Restless Books brought out A Planet for Rent. Super Extra Grande, too, showcases Yosss deft sardonic humor and rollicking imagination. I mean, who else could write about a veterinarian who examines massive alien creaturesfrom the inside? Ive written more of mthoughts on this short but hilarious novel here, and heres an interview with Yoss, too, just because I like you.

To Kill A Mockingbird Justice Analysis - 804 Words

To begin, I will tell you a story. A little girl’s biological father called Child Protective Services on her new stepdad with false allegations. Consequently, the family had to separate for a period of time, while CPS looked into it. In everyday life there are examples of injustice and justice. The story I started with, is an example of injustice because the biological father tore the family apart over false allegations, which is not just. We can learn and relate to many other examples as well. In the novels, To Kill A Mockingbird and Lay That Trumpet in Our Hands, there are many examples of this. Justice and injustice are two important things that can teach us a lot. My first example of justice and injustice today is from To Kill A†¦show more content†¦Just last Monday I did my homework later than I shouldn’t have been doing it, and my mom saw. I wasn’t a problem waking up in the morning and I got all of my homework done, but I got my phone taken away. Getting my phone taken away wasn’t very fair considering I didn’t oppose a problem. Also, bullying is a common thing that goes unjustified. A victim of bullying may go to a teacher for help, but not much is done to stop it, so the bully continues to pester the victim. We see justices and injustices all over the news. This person killed someone, that person robbed someone, so and so was caught doing drugs, then they go to jail. Celebrities often times are accused of crimes, but because of their popularity they escape any consequences. More recently, many people in Hollywood have been accused of sexual harassment. If the accusations are true, will any of them face consequences? They all are famous people, with very good lawyers. Celebrities not facing consequences is an injustice because the average person would have to face real consequences to their actions, but these celebrities avoid them. Finally, I will talk about what we can learn from justice and injustice. From justice and injustice we can learn to do the right thing. As I discussed earlier, Atticus defends Tom, and the McMahon family fights for justice for Marvin because it is the right thing to do. We can learn that ourShow MoreRelatedEssay Justice System in To Kill a Mockingbird897 Words   |  4 PagesFinch in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, even though it turned out against his favor due to an absence of evidence and a debauched court hearing. This court hearing makes readers question whether or not the justice system of that era was fair and in retrospect, a good question is whether or not our justice system today is fair and lawful. If you think that a false conviction was unfair, Tom is eventually killed for his false conviction under a faulty justice system. To me the sense of justice and fairnessRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Judgement Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagessituation†- Anonymous. Th is quote can be applied to each character also each person in life. 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I watched the movie soon after I read the whole book and it was very fun to pick outRead MoreEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequencesRead MoreJustice In Reginald Roses 12 Angry Men1532 Words   |  7 Pagesan individual has on justice, and the truth that they personally seek, are the deciding factors in determining what the true meaning of righteousness is for an individual. The perspective of justice a person has however is not the only factor that comes into play, when establishing whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. The play, ‘12 angry men’, written by Reginald Rose, is a drama involved around a jury and a homicide case. In comparison, the mo vie, ‘To kill a mockingbird’, directed by RobertRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreRacism And Critical Disposition Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1415 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Racism and Critical Disposition in Maycomb County Racism was a tremendous issue in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. It was applied throughout the novel and was increasingly used to judge others in Maycomb’s society. Racism was revealed through the novel to characters Jem, Scout, and Dill who were young children that were learning about the good and evil in the small town they lived in. Racism was a constant and significant topic. There were many aspects that contributed to racismRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s centralRead MoreA Time to Kill and to Kill a Mockingbird1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grishams adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the movies moreRead More Comparing the Movies A Time to Kill, by John Grisham and To Kill a Mockingbird1285 Words   |  6 Pages The movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grisham?s adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the movies

Comparison of Adjectives in German

Networking sites boon to the youth Free Essays

Face book is social networking site from which we can get a plenty of knowledge. We can say that it s a treasure of knowledge. One can get a plenty ot information from it. We will write a custom essay sample on Networking sites boon to the youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now One can enhance his or her knowledge by coming in contact with Intellectual around the world. One can clear the doubts and queries about any subject from the scholars that are available on the Social networking sites. He can get the best tips for any subject from the people who re present around the world. Some social networking sites are also useful in the job opportunities. One can easily get the job of their requirement. Social networking is particularly vital for entrepreneurs. Selfemployed can find contacts via professional groups on LinkedIn and Twitter. while business owners can use Face book and Twitter to market their products and services. Face book has a range of services designed for businesses marketing themselves more effectively, Social networking sites are the best means of entertainment, We can also watch videos of our interest n social networking sites. Social networking sites are the best means to propagate our religion and culture. We can share our views on our religion. We can get the knowledge from religious scholars present around the world, We can also make people aware Of environmental issues that are happening around the world which iS very important in todays life and We can protect Our environment by increasing awareness among the people. At last would like to say that social Sites are a boon to the young generations and can add morals to their life if used in a proper manner _ How to cite Networking sites boon to the youth, Papers

Does a Parents Expectations Affect the Behavior of Their Children Why or Why Not free essay sample

Parents expectations affect the behavior of their children because they get motivated and have self-expectation. Parental expectations can be beneficial in helping the child reach success. The beneficial Parental expectations are that it can encourage kids to do better, never gave up, and to go for success. Parents who always praise their children for doing a good job can encourage their children to do even better. And this is because they know that if they work harder their parents will praise them. This can cause the child to thrive at everything they do, like getting high score on the SAT, getting in great school , getting better grades and doing great in sports. Parental expectations can be detrimental in how a child view its capabilities. Parent’s high expectations can affect their children’s self-esteem. Their children might have lower expectation of what they are capable of. Parents who are disappointed with their child’s Academic performances discourage their children. We will write a custom essay sample on Does a Parents Expectations Affect the Behavior of Their Children? Why or Why Not or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Parents who compare their kids with other people’s kids can cause their kids to become distress, which can also lead their child to rebel on their parents. Parents who do this to their child make them think that their parents do not care about them or what they want. The child starts to do bad at school and they may join the wrong crowd. A parent’s high expectations will cause their child to reach their breaking point. A parent’s high expectations for their child can lead their relationship to become strain. Parents who have low expectations for their child can cause their child to think that they cannot do anything other than what their parents think they can do. This can cause the child not to challenge him or herself. Parents should keep their expectations reasonable. They should not compare their kids to other people’s kids because not everyone think alike or are the same. Parents should always praise their child whenever they work hard and they should always encourage them to do better.

Law Sample Essay - Personal Statement

All applicants must submit a personal statement with the application form. This is your opportunity to present yourself, your background, your experiences, and your ideas to the Admissions Committee. You may want to write about your intellectual interests, your career goals, your achievements, your family background, or your involvement in your community.The TransitionOnce in a while I am approached by past research associates who heard that I got out, as several of them put it, and who want to know how I handled the switch. Some of them have no idea that people with science backgrounds have options other than research and teaching, and many are discouraged by the thought that they would have to leave their beloved science in other to engage in those activities. Several of them have called me from home to ask these questions, for fear of being overheard at the laboratory.The first thing I tell them is that there is far more to science than the bench. I myself entered the science fiel d as an undergraduate, when I chose to study veterinary microbial genetics. I worked in the laboratory of Dr. William Sischo, an epidemiologist who specialized in number-crunching but who needed technical assistance with field sampling and laboratory work to generate the data. Dr. Sischo instilled in me a strong desire to learn and experiment in genetics. I was fascinated by the many ways genetics can be used to help understand how or why certain biological functions occur, and I wondered how I could use my knowledge of genetics to benefit society.After I obtained my bachelor of science degree, I went on to graduate school earning a master of science degree part-time while working full-time jobs in a couple of well-establish research institutions. I enjoyed both graduate school and working in the laboratory. I also learned the correct career path — an academic position at a respectable research university — was what we were supposed to want out of life. More specifical ly, academic laboratories were acceptable, but working in industry, even to do research, was generally looked upon as selling out. I believe this attitude has relaxed somewhat since then, since grants and jobs have become harder to secure and tenured positions lack the security they once possessed.It was during my graduate studies that I began to question my goals and the assumptions they were based on. I was becoming increasingly unhappy with the direction my career was heading, and I began to question my abilities and motivation. Finally, when I heard myself mutter out loud I dont want to do bench work forever, I sat up and took notice. I decided that in spite of my training, and even though I still loved science, research was not right for me.I wanted a career, or at least a job for starters, that valued my graduate degree and training, and that was a better fit for my skills and future ambitions. I decided I would do best with a job that was externally driven either by deadlines or by the needs of others; in addition, I wanted to talk, write, and/or evaluate science as a whole rather than focus on one particular aspect of a research project.As a molecular geneticist, I had occasionally interacted with the patent department at SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals in support of my supervisors patent applications. They worked on a variety of intellectual property issues in a number of scientific disciplines that were of interest to the company. I realized then that I could make very good use of my science background as a patent attorney.Earlier this year, I accepted an offer to work as a patent agent in the Corporate Intellectual Properties Department at SmithKline Beecham. The job involves writing and prosecuting patent applications, which in turn requires broad knowledge of both science and law. I soon realized that, in order to become an effective patent practitioner, I must become intimately acquainted with U.S. patent law. Because SmithKline Beecham is an international corporation, I have also learned a great deal about international patent law so that I can assist in foreign prosecution of SmithKline Beechams patents. When I first started the job, it occurred to me that my learning curve was a cliff with an overhang, and I was at the bottom looking up.I was extremely lucky to find a job almost immediately following graduation last January. However, this opportunity was not trouble-free, there were additional risks to consider at the time I made the decision to change. Our company was in the middle of negotiations to merge with another international pharmaceutical company, GlaxoWellcome Pharmaceuticals. As details of the merger were released, we were informed that the majority of the money saved in the merger was going to be invested back into research and discovery. In other words, because of the patent applications that I draft and prosecute, my job as a patent agent will play an essential role in the inventive process in the new c ompany. Daily interaction with inventors keeps me up-to-date with cutting-edge technology in the biotechnology field. As my work progressed, I knew I had made the right decision, and I have never looked back.In October, I took the complex patent bar examination. My determination to take the examination straight away was to become a registered patent agent before entering law school, so that my academic studies will not suffer while I attempt to balance a career and my education. I am now hoping to complete the career transition over the next four years by attending law school at Villanova University and becoming a patent attorney. A few weeks ago, I was offered the opportunity to move to our new research facility in North Carolina, but declined the offer in hopes of attending Villanovas law program, which is well respected among the various pharmaceutical companies on the East Coast for its intellectual property education.Intellectual property is a crucial asset to our company, and I take generating and protecting these assets very seriously. A considerable part of my job involves translating science for attorneys and patent law for scientists. I also have to be able to understand a new result quickly enough to grasp what the specific invention is and ask further questions which allow me to distill the invention down to its bare essence. Organization is also key — this is something I learned as a matter of self-preservation, since this is a deadline-driven, and sometimes crisis-driven, job.I now believe that my job as a patent agent is not a break with the past; rather, it is an exciting, alternative continuation of my career as a scientist. The patent applications that I draft and prosecute make me a critical part of the inventive process at SmithKline Beecham. Furthermore, my interactions with inventors on a daily basis keep me up to date with the latest technology. Not so long ago, when I began research as an undergraduate, I wondered what impact I w ould have on the development of new scientific knowledge. Through my work as a patent agent, I know that I am a key participant in the promotion of scientific progress.I still run into acquaintances from my research days who ask me why I left science. I am quick to set them straight. I may not get my hands wet, but I use far more of my education and training than I ever did at the bench, and I am very much still in science. I firmly believe my experiences in science and patent prosecution will allow me to be a creative and contributing member of Villanova University, both as a student and as a future attorney representing achievement.

Michael Porters Strategy Essays

Michael Porters Strategy Essays Michael Porters Strategy Essay Michael Porters Strategy Essay Michael Porters Strategy Michael Porter is the University Professor (the highest honor in Harvard University) in Harvard Business School. He is acknowledged as the father of competitive strategy. He has two main theoretical perspectives; one is â€Å"the five forces model of competition†, and the other one is just the â€Å"three competition strategies† (Michael Porters Strategy). The three competition strategies are cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and segmentation strategy. These strategies are used for people to achieve, maintain and even increase their competitiveness of their business. Porter thought that the purpose of these strategies is to make the business of the enterprises better than their competitors: some of the enterprises can gain higher revenue in some industries; however, in some other industries, the success of one of the strategies may just give the enterprise a little bit profit. Porter also said that the possibility could be very low that the basic goal of an enterprise may be more than one. Because enterprises need to try their best to achieve one strategy and they also need organizational arrangement to support the strategy. If the enterprise has more than one goal, these resources will be dispersed. Cost leadership strategy. This strategy asks the enterprises to establish efficient production line, decrease the cost on the basis of their experience, and control the cost of management and production cost, so as to reduce the costs of RD (research and development), service, marketing, advertising, etc. In order to reach these goals, management need to be highly concentrated. If the enterprise has low cost, it means that this enterprise can earn more value when other enterprises lose profit in competition. Enterprises need to obtain high relative market share or other strength, such as good communication with raw material suppliers, to get the good status of the lowest total cost. This status is very attractive; because once an enterprise wins the status, they can get higher marginal profit, as well as invest to new equipment and modern equipment to keep their leading position of cost. This kind of re-invest is the precondition of keeping the condition of low cost. Differentiation strategy. Differentiation strategy is to make the products or service differently to make them special. There are many ways to achieve this strategy: design the brand image, make technic unique, perform distinctive, provide customer service, build business network and make other aspect unique. The best way is that the enterprise has many differentiation characters. If this strategy implemented well, it can make the enterprise get high level of profit. Porter thought that building differentiation strategy means that the enterprise needs to think clearly because of the exclusiveness of it. The strategy cannot stay with increasing market share. Enterprises need to spend high cost when establishing this strategy. Though clients know clearly about the special strength of the enterprise, they may not have the ability or they are not willing to pay for the high cost the enterprises asked them to pay. Segmentation strategy. This strategy focuses on a special client group, or a small area of the production line or a special market. Segmentation strategy focuses on better service a special target, while the other two strategies focus on the whole industry. The precondition of this strategy is that the business of the enterprise can provide better service and higher efficiency to its special strategic target, so as to exceed other competitors in broader area. Porter said that this strategy could both achieve differentiation and low cost. However, this strategy means that the market share is limited. Segmentation strategy cannot increase both profit rate and the amount of sales. Porter indicated that enterprises need to make sure about the three strategies and they should make a fundamental strategic decision to close up to the three strategies, but not hesitate at the crosswords. Once the enterprise does not make the decision, they will spend much money and time. Using these strategies one by one will be failed, cause the requirement of them are totally different. Baike, 2013, â€Å"Michael Porter†, Biaduoedia, viewed at March 12th 2013, http://baike. baidu. com/view/431563. htm Wiki, 2013, â€Å"Porter’s generic etrategy†, wiki article, viewed at March 12th 2013, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Porters_generic_strategies;

My Name is Seepeetza by Shirley Sterling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

My Name is Seepeetza by Shirley Sterling - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the story actually offers a detailed insight into the residential school system, which existed during the time, but more importantly, it highlights the subversive strength of the protagonist to face and overcome challenging situations in life. As the essay highlights the author on a subtle note tries to provide the readers with an understanding of the issues and problems faced by her generation, but on the deeper side, she equips them with the power to face such situations and voice their thoughts without fear. The author’s ability to do so becomes evident from how a sixth grader overcomes situations of bullying, persecution, loneliness and terror. On the other hand, her positive attitude towards life becomes manifest when she demonstrates the capability to live another day with the sweet memories of her family. Literature also serves the purpose of providing readers with an opportunity to understand historical accounts through the perspective of different characters, the way they lived and the experiences in their lives. Seepeetza’s story is such an account, which offers the readers a detailed insight into the issues and hardships that an aboriginal girl faces in the residential school, and how she pulls thr ough all of it with her resolute willpower. She also firmly believes that no matter if her name, clothes and other things that remind her of her family are taken away, she still has her memories and deep rooted tradition that simply cannot be extricated from her. Sterling provides various instances starting from the beginning of the story, which showcases how Seepeetza fights back throughout her stay at the residential school and overcomes the oppressive authoritarian system as well as the racist evils of the school.

Shugo Daimyo Muromachi Period. Japan in the Muromachi Age Essay

Shugo Daimyo Muromachi Period. Japan in the Muromachi Age - Essay Example The central component in this period was Heian duration that was later followed by war-oriented governments. Despite these changes, the government of the people continued but authority was vested on military Daimyo class. The medieval period is the most significant period in the history of Japan. The Kamakura period lasted between 1185 and 1333. This was the origin of the class rule system. However, civil affairs arbitration was the authority of the imperial court. After the defeat of Taira, the Yorimoto established family capital on the eastern side of Kamakura. Yoritomo was bestowed with the name Shogun. Moreover, clan disputes were rife at this period especially the Hogen and Heiji disturbance. Kamakura period was because of defeat of Taira family at the civil war. Yoritomo goals were on solid defense of the administration and for this purpose established the Shugo. Shugo administrative area was province and acted as military governors. They played oversight role though they also collected taxes. This form of administration lasted until the later days of 19th century. Shugo later transformed into Daimyo, whose significance was felt throughout the 15th century1. Some Japanese at this period possessed warrior qualities while majority engaged in farming activities. The other most important event in Japanese history was change in government structure. Government was warrior like in nature and acquired enormous amount of wealth. Shugo incorporated culture in their military rule. Art was prominent in this period while religion was Buddhism. The Buddhist teachers taught culture to all people. This lasted for a long period before the advents of Christianity. Monks were also essential in the military rule as chief advisors. Moreover, they influenced traditional values of this culture and activities of Shugo contemporaries. In medieval age, bows and horses were used for military purpose. Samurai were always ready for any battle and were highly focused and disciplined as taught by Yabusame. Initially, warrior society was based on family lineage and gifts, mostly land, was given to Samurai who served as Shugo. This meant that the vassal continued to serve lordship in their lifetime. This period was characterized with forming of alliances between warriors to guarantee source of livelihood. There was also reward for winning alliance and eminence was acquired. There was no family respect or recognition in a battle and in fact, one had to kill a family member if it was necessary to ensure sustenance of authority. Moreover, Shugo shifted allegiance and Daimyo were based on outcomes of the battle. In the last decades of 13th century, Kamakura came under crossfire. Mongol invaded them though they were unsuccessful due to heavy wind. The second invasion saw the neglect of the warrior. Ultimately, financial problems coupled Kamakura government and were faced by an invasion that they were unable to resist. Imperial authority was weakened but emperor legacy was maintained. Rivalry existed between the north represented by Samurai family and south led by emperor. This rivalry took close half a century. Finally, Ashikaga established unity between these two rival groups. The Muromachi existed from 1336 to 1573 and this period was characterized by social disorders, conflict, and uprisings. This characterized second period of Japanese history. This period is known as Muromachi or Ashikaga. Cities were continuously destroyed due to these occurrences. The dominant thing was Shoguns power based on coalition of Shugo who controlled land and powers in the province. As a result, these warriors became wealthy and feudal system, Daimyo was established. Success of establishment of

Importance of Ground Investigations in Site Investigations

Importance of Ground Investigations in Site Investigations Geotechnical report Ali Aleffar Contents Introduction: Site investigation procedure Stage 1 — desk study and reconnaissance survey Stage 2 – Ground investigation, analysis and laboratory test Phase 1 or intrusive (sampling) Photographs Phase 2 non-intrusive or Geophysical site exploration. Laboratory Testing Stage 3 — the site investigation report REPORT OUTLINE Subsurface Situations Design Recommendations Geotechnical failure example: Critical Analysis: Recommendations: Conclusion: References: Introduction: In order to specify the geotechnical and geoenvironmental issues in the context of the suggested end-use of the site, site investigation can be done for this purpose. A geotechnical site investigation is the process of collecting information and evaluating the conditions of the site for the purpose of designing and constructing the foundation for a structure, such as a building, plant or bridge, In addition to that this report contains the site investigation procedure and how the mistakes in site investigation process may lead to a disaster such as what the example below illustrates, collapsing of an important building after executing a subway tunnel under its area, the reasons behind that and how the poorly-done site investigation or following the standard without taming the procedure to proper the environment and circumstances of the project. Good planning for and management of a geotechnical site investigation is the key to obtaining sufficient and correct site information for des igning a structure in a timely manner and with minimum cost for the effort needed. Site investigation procedure To carry out the site investigation procedure there are 4 stages to do: Stage 1 — desk study and reconnaissance survey Stage 2 —ground investigation, analysis and laboratory test Stage 3 — report Stage 4 — design and materials recommendation. [[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.rsa-geotechnics.co.uk/pages.asp?fld_pages_ID=51. [Accessed 18 February 2015]] Stage 1 — Desk study and reconnaissance survey â€Å"Time spent in reconnaissance is never wasted†. The purpose of the desk study is to identify change in land use, via Ordinance Survey maps, Kellys Trade Directories and other historical publicly available records In addition to walkover survey. The history of the site and what it is used for and if whether if it has contaminated the soil and how deep it has effected it. Using satellite imaging, Geological maps, Topographic maps, Soil survey maps, Aerial photographs and existing site investigation reports. [GEOTECHNICAL SITE INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES FOR BUILDING FOUNDATIONS IN PERMAFROST. 2010.] Stage 2 – Ground investigation, analysis and laboratory test Ground investigation or site exploration can be classified into two phases: Phase 1 or intrusive (sampling) It is important that a geotechnical specialist or an engineer with knowledge and skills to document soil stratigraphy, their variations, and the existence of a specific circumstance to observe the progress of test holes advance. 1.5 m is the depth intervals that samples should be taken and sealed in plastic bags for transport to a laboratory for testing. Disturbed samples are derived from backhoe and air-track and auger drills. In addition, representative broken/disturbed samples should be collected to provide samples at 1.5 m depth intervals for laboratory testing in addition to get a well representative sample the following sampling-Disturbed samples undisturbed samples- some methods are used: Trial pits Hand excavated boreholes Cable percussion boring Rotary drilling Sonic drilling Photographs Photographs can document the site and the drill equipment in work progress. In addition, it must be taken of representative disturbed samples and all soil and rock cores. [Smiths elements of soil mechanics, 2014.] Phase 2 non-intrusive or Geophysical site exploration. Boring and test pits afford definitive subsurface exploration. They can, however, be both time consuming and costly. In addition, they give subsurface conditions only at boring or test pit locations, leaving massive areas in between for which conditions must be interpolated or appraised. Geophysical techniques, which are commonly used in highway work and in other applications, can be executed faster, less expensively and greater area can be covered more thoroughly, however, obtaining soil samples are still required from which precise determinations of soil properties can be made in order to verify and complement result obtained by geophysical methods. Two particular geophysical methods that are seismic refraction (Fig1) and electrical resistivity. Resistance of soil to movement of an electrical current is determined. Using values obtained therefrom, the depth and thickness of different soil strata can be interpreted by specialists and estimated, with the aid of additional borings, some of the engineering properties of the subsurface material. [SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS, 2001.] Fig.1 (seismic refraction) Laboratory Testing Laboratory tests to obtain key properties of the ground will be adequate in the majority of geotechnical site investigations. The index properties will be obtained by means of: Water content, particle size distribution, liquid, and plastic limit tests. Laboratory testing for engineering properties may be required for large buildings on complex circumstances of the ground stratigraphy. The types of engineering tests that may be conducted are consolidation, and less likely, creep strength and thermal properties tests. Stage 3 — the site investigation report The key issues that should be noted shall be: a) Project description restated; b) Characterize the site so that surrounding conditions that may influence the design and performance of the building footing are understood and designed for; c) The projected end of the building service life State the present and, climate and ground temperatures; d) Classify the soil strata according to recognized Euro code and BS, based on quantitative laboratory results; e) State the significance of the stratigraphy established by the test hole program, measured ground temperature and the impact of climate warming rate on the recommended building foundation design(s); f) Identify foundation options proper for the proposed service life of the building; and g) Provide guidance for the construction and construction scheduling of the foundation for the building. [GEOTECHNICAL SITE INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES FOR BUILDING FOUNDATIONS IN PERMAFROST. 2010.] REPORT OUTLINE The requested terms of the investigation are the main specifications that the content of the report depends on, the magnitude and difficulty of the structure, and the site condition. Hence, contents and detail of the reports may contrast. The outline provides general contents based on literature and the writer’s experience. Structure information/necessities and building engineering design that the architect/design engineer provide. Testing and classification of the soils should be based on internationally recognized criterions. Engineering properties and foundation design requirements to take into consideration the service life of the proposed structure and the potential impact of climate warming. In addition, should contains the following: Introduction It is suggested that the report is prepared to provide information to the property owner, architect/design engineer and the contractor. As such, the introduction should make sufficient reference to: The requested terms of reference of the investigation, and Scope of work provided in satisfying the requested terms of reference. Background The background provides the physical situation of the project and should include: Projected Structure Detail of the structure guides the extent and detail of investigation. Thus, the architect/engineer should provide the information. Technical detail of the proposed structure, for instance, single or multi-story, plan area, above ground, slab-on grade, or with basement. Service life of the planned structure; e.g., 20, 50 years or more. Geological Situation Overview of the site as provided by geomorphology and bedrock geology obtained from previous investigations and published information. Land Description of surface features of the immediate site that should include topography, vegetation and neighbouring structures. Hydrology and Immediate Surface Drainage Water existence and surface flow may affect the design of surface grading and effect the ground temperatures. Subsurface Situations Investigation Program Summary Includes a description of the method/s used to evaluate the ground situations, equipment that have to be used, test holes number, dates achieved, and laboratory tests conducted. Detailed description of these should be presented in the Appendix, prior to the field logs and laboratory testing. Design Recommendations The report should recommend the best foundation design suite the established ground conditions and the structure criteria [GEOTECHNICAL SITE INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES FOR BUILDING FOUNDATIONS IN PERMAFROST. 2010.] [Smiths elements of soil mechanics, 2014.] Geotechnical failure example: Collapsed archive and a neighbouring building, March 2009 On 3rd of March 2009 at 13:58, the archive building collapsed (The archive was Germanys largest municipal archive, and the only one to survive World War II intact). Two adjacent apartment buildings also collapsed, killing two residents. The Cologne Historical Archive, suddenly disappeared into a cloud of dust and a pile of rubble. After the sounds of buckling began, archive staff and visitors had enough time to escape the building, but its vast historical holdings did not prove as fortunate. Flooding into the building pit was noticed that water. The building workers rapidly warned the staff and visitors of the archive, who evacuated the building. Shortly subsequently, the archive building collapsed as a result of an underground landslide hooked on the subway tunnel.as shown in the picture below: Google map for the collapsed building location Two people were stuck under the debris and on person was thought to be missed. The disaster has left residents in the city, shaken and angry. A nearby school remains evacuated and apartments next to the archive were also sucked into the 28-meter sinkhole. Many locals were afraid of the next accident. The collapse also heavily damaged several surrounding apartment houses as well. The heaviest part of the tunnel construction was supposedly completed 1-year earlier, but the tunnel floor had not been finished. The tunnel and station has been a controversial project in Cologne, with problems occurring as early as 2004 when a church steeple began experiencing tilt of 77-cm, greater than 15 times what was predicted. [[Online]http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/cologne-archive-catastrophe-were-subway-builders-cautious-enough-a-612129.html][Accessed 15 February]] Critical Analysis: After the starting of new underground tunnel work many problems has been observed by residents and building workers such as an expansion joint in the concrete ceiling, in which a crack the size of a hand had formed, cracks in the flooring in the basement boiler room and that the tower of St. Johann Baptist Church leaned by 77 centimeters15 times greater than what had been previously calculated. From the aforementioned examples successive events in Cologne city, the main reason of collapsing of the city archive building can be obviously concluded, which is insufficient bearing capacity of the soil to carry the loading of archive city building and some surrounding apartments after constructing the new tunnel in addition to some side factors which caused loosening of the ground and cavity formations that was inevitable in some areas. Witnesses who were close to the investigation commented that the tragedy was likely caused by ground water seepage The whole thing points to an issue with the ground water, at the construction site may be related to rising levels of the Rhine River, which is situated very close to the collapsed building.The stability and deformations of tunnels can be affected by water by decreasing the effective stress hence reducing the resistance to shearing stresses, by producing seepage forces towards the excavations borders. Drawdown of the water level and to time-dependent subsidence can be caused by the seepage-flow may due to consolidation. Moreover, the seepage forces may act towards the opening may weaken its stability. The effects of groundwater in tunneling are ramified. Throughout tunnel excavation in a water-bearing ground, seepage stream in the direction of the opening occurs, because the pressure at the excavation boundary is, in general, equal to the atmospheric pressure and the tun nel acts consequently as a groundwater drain. Drawdown of the water level can be caused by seepage flow, to decrease in the discharge of walls, or to settlement and consolidation. Beyond these- in the broader sense- environmental influences such as rising levels of a River, which is situated close to the tunnel, large water inflows may have a severe impact on the serviceability throughout its operation phase or obstruct excavation works. And that’s what happened to the soil underneath the city of Cologne archive building where, the seepage which caused by rising levels of the Rhine river especially in that period of the year lead to weaken soil which is unable to carry the loads and that made the soil to fail and collapse the building to come down in a big whole,throughout collecting and analyzing the collected results, combined with the particular circumstances of the project, it can be summarized that the joint at the interface are of layered rock damage resulted from the g roundwater where it is the main internal cause of the tunnel failure. All of that can be resulted from poor-site investigation or it has not been done in the right way or misunderstanding for the data that collected from site investigation. Face instability Severe seepage in the underground tunnles Recommendations: The local tests of the soil around the city archive had only been conducted before the city made the tender offer and prior to the beginning of construction on the underground line. There were no subsequent soil tests once construction work had started. The city followed the standard procedure, so the first recommendation is the standard procedure should not be always followed but following the standard until specific limits depending on the project and other circumstances. In addition to sufficient reinforcing the potential weak soil spots during the tunnelling work For instance, during the construction of a tunnel, flash-hardening bentonite rings must be always directly put in its place. Moreover, never left a hollow that could pull in the adjacent ground. Most of accidents can be avoided if more care is taken and fully understanding for the data collected from a very good site investigation and what to do according to it. In addition to that, for the tunnel situation, the groundwater level should be monitored and using different methods to control the seepage and consolidation of water in the tunnels, which lead to distract the construction. [Tunnel stability and deformations in water-bearing ground. p1-6] Conclusion: To sum up, the ground investigation is a long process and takes a long time and it costs about (Buildings 0.05 – 0.2, Highways 0.2% – 1.5%, Dams1% – 3%) of the project cost and it saves up to 100% of the project and save human life and invaluable things such as the invaluable historical documents. Most of tunnels collapse accidents are resulted from the problems related with the ground water. 90% of collapsing accidents can be prevented by a good site investigation by an experienced team in this field. References: [RSA Geotechnics Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Site Investigation: What is Site Investigation?. 2015. RSA Geotechnics Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Site Investigation: What is Site Investigation?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.rsa-geotechnics.co.uk/pages.asp?fld_pages_ID=51. [Accessed 18 February 2015 17:00]] [Smiths elements of soil mechanics, Ian smith, 9th edition, 2014, WILEY BLACKWELL.] [SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS, Cheng Liu Jack B. Evett, 5th edition, 2001, prentice-Hall] [Department of Public Works and Services and Government of the Northwest Territories (2010). GEOTECHNICAL SITE INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES FOR BUILDING FOUNDATIONS IN PERMAFROST. Northwest Territories. I. Holubec Consulting Incp3-8.] [[Online]http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/cologne-archive-catastrophe-were-subway-builders-cautious-enough-a-612129.html][accessed 15 February 12:00]] G Anagnostou (2006). Tunnel stability and deformations in water-bearing ground. Zurich, Switzerland: ETH, Swiss federal institute of technology. p1-6. Geotechnical and structural engineering centre (2014). Cause Analysis of soft and hard rock tunnel collapse and information management. Shandong, P.R China: Ministry of Land and resources, China. p1227-1232. California Department of conservation (2013). Guidelines for Preparing Geological Reports for Regional-Scale Environmental and Resource Management Planning. California, USA: Department of surveying. p1-7. R. F. Craig (2004). CRAIGS SOIL MECHANICS. 7th ed. London: Spon Press. p30-70, p373-394. 1

Domino’s Pizza Analysis Essay

Introduction: This report is going to be based upon Domino’s Pizza, a franchised organisation derived in Michigan, USA. This report will firstly give a brief overview of the history of Domino’s; it will then establish and explain the micro and macro factors that affect Domino’s and their effects on the business. It will also contain a strategy which would allow Domino’s to adapt and thrive in its ever changing environment; the report will give details explaining which external opportunities Domino’s should take advantage of, and which external threats it should combat. This report will include a PEST analysis, examining the political, economical, social and technological factors that Domino’s is affected by, a SWOT analysis which will observe the strengths and weakness Domino’s has, and also external aspects that will threaten the business or provide opportunities. In 1960 Tom Monaghan and his brother created ‘DomiNick’s’ Pizza shop, in 1961 Tom bought his brother out of the company and renamed it to the ‘Domino’s’ that we know today. Domino’s is now one of the largest pizza franchises in the world with 9,350 stores in over 70 countries. It employs 175,000 people worldwide and delivers over a million pizzas per day. Tom developed his company using franchising, allowing people to set up their own Domino’s pizza shops, in doing so he eventually made over 1 billion dollars before retiring in 1998. Domino’s is a LLC (limited liability company), merging the characteristics of sole proprietorship and a corporation, meaning that business owners still have control of their business but have limited liability against debt. Part A: This section is going to focus on the macro (external) factors that affect the business using a PEST analysis and the micro (internal) factors such as strengths and weaknesses. Politically, Domino’s is affected by a number of things References: http://www.dominos.uk.com/pdf/information_pack.pdf

Child and Marginal Places

In the short essay â€Å"In Praise of Margins†, Ian Frazier puts himself back to the place in time when he did activities just for the sake of doing them. As a kid, Frazier traveled to the woods behind his house without a real sense of purpose. His main goal for the day or afternoon was just to explore, whatever that word may mean to him. Frazier and his friends spent hours on end in the woods simply breaking thin ice sheets, â€Å"throwing rocks at a fresh mudflat to make craters, shooting frogs with slingshots, making forts, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian burial mound† (53).They weren’t doing anything important, but that was the point, to do something so insignificant but have it mean so much. Frazier explains that the activities he did as a kid â€Å"was a higher sort of unpurpose† (53), or in other words, marginal. I agree with Frazier about the important of marginality, because children in particular need to try out ideas for themselves and have some breathing room on their own. Marginal activities and places are important to kids, because they allow them to try out ideas or purposeless activities.As an example, Annie Dillard wrote a short essay called â€Å"Hitting Pay Dirt† in which she talks about receiving a microscope as a Christmas present and going down to her basement to play with it endlessly. Dillard received a microscope from her parents because she had wanted one ever since she read â€Å"The Field Book of Ponds and Streams† (82). She was utterly convinced that everyone needed a microscope. At first, Dillard failed and could not use the microscope correctly because the slides she saw were a â€Å"bust. † Eventually in late spring, Dillard succeeded and saw an amoeba.Proud of her accomplishment, she rushed upstairs to tell her parents, but they seemed more interested in their coffee than excited (83). From that point on she understood that you do what you do for pure enjoyment and love for the activity itself and that no one really cares, but yourself. The microscope was her marginal activity and the basement was her marginal place where she could do whatever she wanted. Dillard ends her short essaying stating: â€Å"Anything was possible. The sky was the limit. † (83). â€Å"Hitting Pay Dirt† and â€Å"In Praise of Margins† both have the similar idea of doing something for pure enjoyment.Dillard considers her work in the basement â€Å"play† because she enjoys it, but she didn’t actually realize that she was learning. This is a prime example of a marginal activity because she only used it for her enjoyment without a sense of real purpose. No purpose is needed because marginal activities allow you to be yourself and do something that you like to do, not because there is an end goal. Marginal activities like Dillard’s microscope allow children to try out ideas that they otherwise may neve r have found. A safe haven or a place to escape reality can be important to children.As a child, I lived in the typical two-story home in a typical suburbia neighborhood. I never really could keep much to myself or have ultimate freedom. My parents were typical over-protective parents who were scared that the world may danger and hurt their precious young boy. The only source of escape or get away I ever had was found in the play set in my back yard. It was just a little orange and blue play set that featured a slide and landing. Whenever I couldn’t be found, everyone knew that I was in my little play set in the back yard with my siblings and cousins.My play set was my marginal place because that was where I could come up with crazy imaginations and as soon as I stepped in my thoughts ran free. The play set was a get away from over bearing parents, homework, or even vegetable filled dinners. In that back yard, we could be anyone we wanted to be, think of the craziest adventur es, or even just sit and talk. The play set in the back yard didn’t consist of judgment or scrutiny; rather, it was filled with bliss and innocence. It was such an important part of my childhood and I honestly don’t know if I would be the same person I am today if my play set hadn’t exist.Frazier’s woods are equivalent to my play set in the back yard. It was our get away from reality, the pure pleasure of doing nothing and something at the same time. My play set was my marginal activity and place because it allowed me to explore thoughts and try out the craziest of ideas. It is important as a child to have a get away where you can do anything you wanted because sometimes children are brought up to be perfect. Expectations can get to a child and a safe haven from that is all that is needed.In the words of Ian Frazier â€Å" The margin is where you can try out odd ideas that you might be afraid to admit to with people looking on† (54). Marginal place s and activities are very important to children because it allows for breathing room. Not everything has to be purpose filled. Activities and places can be purposeless and just as satisfying as if it were purpose filled. Frazier took himself back to a time where everything was much simpler, and realized that marginal activities are very important. Marginal places and activities are important for everyone especially children. Child and Marginal Places In the short essay â€Å"In Praise of Margins†, Ian Frazier puts himself back to the place in time when he did activities just for the sake of doing them. As a kid, Frazier traveled to the woods behind his house without a real sense of purpose. His main goal for the day or afternoon was just to explore, whatever that word may mean to him. Frazier and his friends spent hours on end in the woods simply breaking thin ice sheets, â€Å"throwing rocks at a fresh mudflat to make craters, shooting frogs with slingshots, making forts, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian burial mound† (53).They weren’t doing anything important, but that was the point, to do something so insignificant but have it mean so much. Frazier explains that the activities he did as a kid â€Å"was a higher sort of unpurpose† (53), or in other words, marginal. I agree with Frazier about the important of marginality, because children in particular need to try out ideas for themselves and have some breathing room on their own. Marginal activities and places are important to kids, because they allow them to try out ideas or purposeless activities.As an example, Annie Dillard wrote a short essay called â€Å"Hitting Pay Dirt† in which she talks about receiving a microscope as a Christmas present and going down to her basement to play with it endlessly. Dillard received a microscope from her parents because she had wanted one ever since she read â€Å"The Field Book of Ponds and Streams† (82). She was utterly convinced that everyone needed a microscope. At first, Dillard failed and could not use the microscope correctly because the slides she saw were a â€Å"bust. † Eventually in late spring, Dillard succeeded and saw an amoeba.Proud of her accomplishment, she rushed upstairs to tell her parents, but they seemed more interested in their coffee than excited (83). From that point on she understood that you do what you do for pure enjoyment and love for the activity itself and that no one really cares, but yourself. The microscope was her marginal activity and the basement was her marginal place where she could do whatever she wanted. Dillard ends her short essaying stating: â€Å"Anything was possible. The sky was the limit. † (83). â€Å"Hitting Pay Dirt† and â€Å"In Praise of Margins† both have the similar idea of doing something for pure enjoyment.Dillard considers her work in the basement â€Å"play† because she enjoys it, but she didn’t actually realize that she was learning. This is a prime example of a marginal activity because she only used it for her enjoyment without a sense of real purpose. No purpose is needed because marginal activities allow you to be yourself and do something that you like to do, not because there is an end goal. Marginal activities like Dillard’s microscope allow children to try out ideas that they otherwise may neve r have found. A safe haven or a place to escape reality can be important to children.As a child, I lived in the typical two-story home in a typical suburbia neighborhood. I never really could keep much to myself or have ultimate freedom. My parents were typical over-protective parents who were scared that the world may danger and hurt their precious young boy. The only source of escape or get away I ever had was found in the play set in my back yard. It was just a little orange and blue play set that featured a slide and landing. Whenever I couldn’t be found, everyone knew that I was in my little play set in the back yard with my siblings and cousins.My play set was my marginal place because that was where I could come up with crazy imaginations and as soon as I stepped in my thoughts ran free. The play set was a get away from over bearing parents, homework, or even vegetable filled dinners. In that back yard, we could be anyone we wanted to be, think of the craziest adventur es, or even just sit and talk. The play set in the back yard didn’t consist of judgment or scrutiny; rather, it was filled with bliss and innocence. It was such an important part of my childhood and I honestly don’t know if I would be the same person I am today if my play set hadn’t exist.Frazier’s woods are equivalent to my play set in the back yard. It was our get away from reality, the pure pleasure of doing nothing and something at the same time. My play set was my marginal activity and place because it allowed me to explore thoughts and try out the craziest of ideas. It is important as a child to have a get away where you can do anything you wanted because sometimes children are brought up to be perfect. Expectations can get to a child and a safe haven from that is all that is needed.In the words of Ian Frazier â€Å" The margin is where you can try out odd ideas that you might be afraid to admit to with people looking on† (54). Marginal place s and activities are very important to children because it allows for breathing room. Not everything has to be purpose filled. Activities and places can be purposeless and just as satisfying as if it were purpose filled. Frazier took himself back to a time where everything was much simpler, and realized that marginal activities are very important. Marginal places and activities are important for everyone especially children.

Annotated Bibliography On The Library - 2199 Words

Introduction: Library users today are able to meet most their information needs through the sources outside the library. The ubiquitous access to internet today and the rise of the companies like Google, Amazon and Wikipedia have provided viable alternatives to users for their information needs. So libraries are experiencing an evolutionary change in their traditional services. And the rapid evolving digital technologies can be seen as an opportunity for libraries as their need to evolve in the face of these new challenges. Linked Data which works as the framework behind the Semantic Web, an idea developed by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of World Wide Web, aims at revolving the Internet into one large database instead of simply distinct collection of data. Today, where internet has been the first choice for the users to look for information, libraries should seize the advantage of the concept behind Linked Data. By attempting to make their resources available on the web, libraries can bring back their users because of the allure of the high quality and authoritative resources owned by the libraries. Such technological development can definitely bring a number of benefits to libraries by allowing the libraries and their resources to connect with their users on the web. Professionals in the field have considered the use of Linked data technologies for the benefit of Libraries. Many papers have been written by experts underlying the benefits in the past decade. AndShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Digital Libraries1822 Words   |  8 PagesI. INTRODUCTION The rapid increase in the volume of digital libraries due to cell phones, web cameras and digital cameras etc, needs and expert system to have the effective retrieval of similar images for the given query image [1]. 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